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Cell lesson: better coordinated than isolated

Three main stages of the expression of our genes are interconnected through a common regulator, the protein Xrn1

Date:
April 4, 2019
Source:
Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona
Summary:
A new study has found a new system in our cells that makes them more robust against possible alterations in the expression of our genes.
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A new study led by Juana Díez, principal investigator of the Department of Experimental and Health Sciences (DCEXS) at UPF, has found a new system in our cells that makes them more robust against possible alterations in the expression of our genes. The work was published yesterday, 21 March, in Nature Communications.

Genes contain the necessary information for the formation of proteins, which are the cell's functional elements. Therefore, the expression of our genes is precisely regulated, since an inappropriate rise or fall in protein levels may lead to cell death or various pathologies. This expression takes place in three major stages: transcription, in which gene DNA information is transferred to another molecule called messenger RNA (mRNA); translation, in which the information of mRNA is decoded to proteins; and finally mRNA degradation once its function is fulfilled.

The new study indicates that these three stages, classically considered as being isolated due to their different spatial and temporal incidence, are interconnected through a common regulator. "Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we have shown that the protein Xrn1, which plays a key role in the degradation of mRNAs, also regulates the transcription and translation of the mRNAs that encode membrane proteins," says Juana Díez, leader of the Molecular Virology group at the DCEXS. Thus, the scientists have revealed a hitherto unknown role of Xrn1, which is a protein that is highly conserved in the eukaryotes.

Bernat Blasco and Leire de Campos, first authors of the article, detail that "membrane proteins contain hydrophobic domains with strong tendencies to aggregate. The regulation of the expression of these proteins through a common coordinator, Xrn1, prevents, for example, mRNA from transcribing if the translation or degradation machinery do not work. In this way, we avoid aggregations that could be toxic."

Also participating in the study are Baldomero Oliva, of the research group on Structural Bioinformatics of the Research Programme on Biomedical Informatics (GRIB), a joint programme between the DCEXS and the Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), and scientists from Technion -- Israel Institute of Technology, of the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine (Germany), and the University of Bern (Switzerland) and the University of Valencia.


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Materials provided by Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Bernat Blasco-Moreno, Leire de Campos-Mata, René Böttcher, José García-Martínez, Jennifer Jungfleisch, Danny D. Nedialkova, Shiladitya Chattopadhyay, María-Eugenia Gas, Baldomero Oliva, José E. Pérez-Ortín, Sebastian A. Leidel, Mordechai Choder, Juana Díez. The exonuclease Xrn1 activates transcription and translation of mRNAs encoding membrane proteins. Nature Communications, 2019; 10 (1) DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09199-6

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Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona. "Cell lesson: better coordinated than isolated." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 4 April 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190404104350.htm>.
Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona. (2019, April 4). Cell lesson: better coordinated than isolated. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 6, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190404104350.htm
Universitat Pompeu Fabra - Barcelona. "Cell lesson: better coordinated than isolated." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/04/190404104350.htm (accessed November 6, 2024).

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