Even A Little Cooling Helps After Cardiac Arrest

In a paper presented at the 2006 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting, May 18-21, in San Francisco, investigators from the University of Pittsburgh discussed the results of an animal model study to evaluate whether the simpler procedure might provide equivalent benefit.

Cooling a person by 3-4 ºC during the first day after resuscitation has been demonstrated to improve the odds of a good recovery, but few patients receive this therapy. There may be fear of complications or logistical difficulties in carrying out the therapy in most hospitals. Practically speaking, cooling a person by 2 ºC is more manageable than cooling by 4 ºC.

By using rats that had been anesthetized and subjected to cardiac arrest, the severity and duration of brain injury observed in humans was replicated. The rats were resuscitated with chest compression and epinephrine, and cranial temperatures were monitored and controlled at 37 ºC (normal), 35 ºC (2 ºC cooling) and 33 ºC (4 ºC cooling). Neurological scores were measured daily, and at the end of 14 days, their brains were examined for damage.

Rats cooled to 33 ºC did best, as measured by neurological scores, median days to return to normal, and neuron density in the hippocampus. The 35ºC group had somewhat lower results while the normal group had the worst outcomes. Overall, the benefit of cooling only 2 ºC was similar to 4 ºC cooling. These results suggest that even modest cooling of the brain might have significant benefit to humans who have been resuscitated after cardiac arrest.

The presentation is entitled "Comparison of 33ºC and 35ºC hypothermia after cardiac arrest" by Eric S Logue, Melissa R McMichael, and Clifton W Callaway MD. This paper was presented at the 2006 SAEM Annual Meeting, May 18-21, 2006, San Francisco, CA.