Knowledge Unlocks Key To Healthier Options For Dialysis Patients

Individuals on dialysis have their blood removed, filtered, and then returned several times a week—a process that can be performed through a removable tube or catheter or through a permanent vascular access. One common type of permanent vascular access involves fusing an artery with a vein to create a large blood vessel that can be easily accessed to collect blood. Research has shown that patients are less likely to die from kidney disease complications if they use permanent vascular access rather than catheters. Catheters can clog, become infected, and cause narrowing of the veins in which they are placed. Despite these complications, a large percentage of kidney disease patients use catheters.

Informing patients about permanent vascular access, and dialysis in general, may be one way to increase its use and to improve patients' health. To test this hypothesis, Kerri Cavanaugh, MD (Vanderbilt University Medical Center), and colleagues studied 490 patients initiating chronic dialysis. They tested the patients' knowledge about dialysis and looked to see if this was associated with whether patients used catheters or permanent vascular access at the start of dialysis and several months later.

The researchers found that patients who were older, had fewer years of education, or were of a non-white race were more likely to have less knowledge about dialysis. Patients with more knowledge about dialysis were about a third more likely than less knowledgeable patients to use permanent vascular access rather than a catheter at the start of dialysis as well as six months later.

"Evaluation of patient dialysis knowledge is a rapid and easy method to identify patients who may be at higher risk of not using [permanent vascular] access both at dialysis initiation and after starting dialysis, and therefore may be candidates for targeted educational interventions," the authors concluded. "Additional studies are needed to explore the impact of patient dialysis knowledge and its improvement after educational interventions, on vascular access in hemodialysis," they added.

The RightStart (RS) program was supported by a grant from Amgen, Inc, which did not provide support for the analyses presented, nor review the manuscript. This work was presented, in part, at the National Kidney Foundation Clinical Meetings 2007, Orlando, Florida. Rebecca Wingard, RN; Raymond Hakim, MD, PhD; Tom Elasy, MD; and T. Alp Ikizler, MD are recognized as co-authors. Dr. Cavanaugh is supported by a National Kidney Foundation Young Investigator Grant and grant K23 DK080952-01, Dr. Ikizler by grant K24 DK62849, and Dr. Elasy by grants K24 DK77875 and P60 DK 020593 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The authors reported no financial disclosures.

The article, entitled "Patient Dialysis Knowledge is Associated with Permanent Arteriovenous Access Use in Chronic Hemodialysis," will appear online at http://cjasn.asnjournals.org/ on April 23, 2009, doi 10.2215/CJN.04580908.