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New genetic pathway behind neurodevelopmental disorders discovered

Date:
December 6, 2012
Source:
Douglas Mental Health University Institute
Summary:
Researchers have discovered a new genetic process that could one day provide a novel target for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability and autism.
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Researchers at the Douglas Mental Health University Institute, have discovered a new genetic process that could one day provide a novel target for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability and autism.

The research study, which appears in the December issue of the American Journal of Human Genetics, was led by Carl Ernst, a Douglas Institute researcher, an assistant professor in McGill's Department of Psychiatry and a Canada Research Chair in Psychiatric Genetics. Ernst and his colleagues found that genetic mutations that negatively affect brain development can occur in a gene family of previously unknown function in the human genome.

According to the World Health Organization, neurodevelopmental disorders affect one in six children in industrialized countries. Impairing the growth and development of the brain or central nervous system, neurodevelopmental disorders encompass a broad range of conditions, including developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders and cerebral palsy. People with neurodevelopmental disorders can experience difficulties with language, speech, learning, behaviour, motor skills and memory.

Mutations in genes are thought to underlie many neurodevelopmental disorders, but all genes important for brain development found to date are in a single pathway. Genes are coded in DNA that gives way to RNA, which gives way to protein. Proteins form the functional unit of the body and are the major players in all biological activity. Prior to the current study, all genetic mutations important for neurodevelopmental disorders, occurred in genes that make protein.

The work of Ernst and his research team identified an important shortcut in the process of making functional molecules for brain development. By sequencing the genomes of 200 people with neurodevelopmental disorders and chromosomal abnormalities, and comparing the results to more than 15,000 control samples, the researchers made a surprising discovery: some individuals had mutations in a gene that did not make protein.

"Our discovery tells us that mutations in genes that code only for RNA and do not make protein can have a functional impact and lead to neurodevelopmental abnormalities," Ernst says. "In previous studies of brain development, RNA was just considered a middle player -- one that only served as a template for the production of proteins." By opening up a new area of study involving RNA, Ernst aims to advance understanding of the underlying causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. "We hope to shine a new light on how the brain develops," he says.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Douglas Mental Health University Institute. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Michael E. Talkowski, Gilles Maussion, Liam Crapper, Jill A. Rosenfeld, Ian Blumenthal, Carrie Hanscom, Colby Chiang, Amelia Lindgren, Shahrin Pereira, Douglas Ruderfer, Alpha B. Diallo, Juan Pablo Lopez, Gustavo Turecki, Elizabeth S. Chen, Carolina Gigek, David J. Harris, Va Lip, Yu An, Marta Biagioli, Marcy E. MacDonald, Michael Lin, Stephen J. Haggarty, Pamela Sklar, Shaun Purcell, Manolis Kellis, Stuart Schwartz, Lisa G. Shaffer, Marvin R. Natowicz, Yiping Shen, Cynthia C. Morton, James F. Gusella, Carl Ernst. Disruption of a Large Intergenic Noncoding RNA in Subjects with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities. The American Journal of Human Genetics, 2012; 91 (6): 1128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2012.10.016

Cite This Page:

Douglas Mental Health University Institute. "New genetic pathway behind neurodevelopmental disorders discovered." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 6 December 2012. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121206122338.htm>.
Douglas Mental Health University Institute. (2012, December 6). New genetic pathway behind neurodevelopmental disorders discovered. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 13, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121206122338.htm
Douglas Mental Health University Institute. "New genetic pathway behind neurodevelopmental disorders discovered." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/12/121206122338.htm (accessed October 13, 2024).

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