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Bifacial stem cells produce wood and bast

One of the most important growth processes on Earth

Date:
January 22, 2019
Source:
University of Heidelberg
Summary:
So-called bifacial stem cells are responsible for one of the most critical growth processes on Earth -- the formation of wood. By alternately developing into wood and bast cells, these stem cells are thus starting points for forming wood as well as generating plant bast fibers. A team of researchers were recently able to demonstrate this phenomenon using new experimental tools.
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So-called bifacial stem cells are responsible for one of the most critical growth processes on Earth -- the formation of wood. By alternately developing into wood and bast cells, these stem cells are thus starting points for forming wood as well as generating plant bast fibres. A team of researchers under the direction of Dr Thomas Greb, a Heisenberg Professor at Heidelberg University, were recently able to demonstrate this phenomenon using new experimental tools. The scientists from the Centre for Organismal Studies labelled and studied specific types of cells in the growth layer of plants, the cambium.

Life on Earth is fed by energy from the sun. Plants are the primary and most important recipients of this energy, converting it into sugars and biomass that are then utilised by animal organisms and humans alike. The process by which most of the biomass is stored long-term is wood formation. Wood is produced from a thin layer of stem cells called the cambium, which is located directly under the bark of shoots and roots. It produces both wood and plant bast, which is often used in the fibre industry. "Although it has an essential role in the Earth's materials cycle and supplies important materials for our daily lives, how the cambium functions is largely unknown," states Prof. Greb, who heads the "Developmental Physiology" research group at the Centre for Organismal Studies.

By labelling different cell types inside the cambium, the Heidelberg researcher and his team identified the cells that are the source of both tissues -- the wood (xylem) and the bast (phloem). These bifacial stem cells produce cells bidirectionally, with wood cells growing inward and bast cells outward. To label the stem cells, the team used fluorescent proteins that helped identify the activity of specific genes. Using a molecular "trick," the researchers were able to firmly anchor the labels in the cells and all their descendants, enabling the team to track and reconstruct cell development over a longer period of time.

By improving their understanding of how these cells work, the researchers hope next to be able to model plant growth and uncover the regulatory mechanisms of cell properties. The results of the research were published in the journal Development. The article is associated with an interview with Prof. Greb and Dr Dongbo Shi, the study's primary author.


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Heidelberg. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Dongbo Shi, Ivan Lebovka, Vadir López-Salmerón, Pablo Sanchez, Thomas Greb. Bifacial cambium stem cells generate xylem and phloem during radial plant growth. Development, 2019; 146 (1): dev171355 DOI: 10.1242/dev.171355

Cite This Page:

University of Heidelberg. "Bifacial stem cells produce wood and bast." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 January 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190122125610.htm>.
University of Heidelberg. (2019, January 22). Bifacial stem cells produce wood and bast. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 15, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190122125610.htm
University of Heidelberg. "Bifacial stem cells produce wood and bast." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/01/190122125610.htm (accessed October 15, 2024).

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