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Nanotubes in the eye that help us see

Researchers find a new structure by which cells in the retina communicate with each other, regulating blood supply to keep vision intact

Date:
August 12, 2020
Source:
University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM)
Summary:
A new mechanism of blood redistribution that is essential for the proper functioning of the adult retina has just been discovered in vivo.
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A new mechanism of blood redistribution that is essential for the proper functioning of the adult retina has just been discovered in vivo by researchers at the University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM).

Their study was published today in Nature.

"For the first time, we have identified a communication structure between cells that is required to coordinate blood supply in the living retina," said Dr. Adriana Di Polo, a neuroscience professor at Université de Montréal and holder of a Canada Research Chair in glaucoma and age-related neurodegeneration, who supervised the study.

"We already knew that activated retinal areas receive more blood than non-activated ones," she said, "but until now no one understood how this essential blood delivery was finely regulated."

The study was conducted on mice by two members of Di Polo's lab: Dr. Luis Alarcon-Martinez, a postdoctoral fellow, and Deborah Villafranca-Baughman, a PhD student. Both are the first co-authors of this study.

In living animals, as in humans, the retina uses the oxygen and nutrients contained in the blood to fully function. This vital exchange takes place through capillaries, the thinnest blood vessels in all organs of the body. When the blood supply is dramatically reduced or cut off -- such as in ischemia or stroke -- the retina does not receive the oxygen it needs. In this condition, the cells begin to die and the retina stops working as it should.

Tunnelling between cells

Wrapped around the capillaries are pericytes, cells that have the ability to control the amount of blood passing through a single capillary simply by squeezing and releasing it.

"Using a microscopy technique to visualize vascular changes in living mice, we showed that pericytes project very thin tubes, called inter-pericyte tunnelling nanotubes, to communicate with other pericytes located in distant capillaries," said Alarcon-Martinez. "Through these nanotubes, the pericytes can talk to each other to deliver blood where it is most needed."

Another important feature, added Villafranca-Baughman, is that "the capillaries lose their ability to shuttle blood where it is required when the tunnelling nanotubes are damaged -- after an ischemic stroke, for example. The lack of blood supply that follows has a detrimental effect on neurons and the overall tissue function."

The team's findings suggest that microvascular deficits observed in neurodegenerative diseases like strokes, glaucoma, and Alzheimer's disease might result from the loss of tunnelling nanotubes and impaired blood distribution. Strategies that protect these nanostructures should then be beneficial, but remain to be demonstrated.

This research was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research.


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM). Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Luis Alarcon-Martinez, Deborah Villafranca-Baughman, Heberto Quintero, J. Benjamin Kacerovsky, Florence Dotigny, Keith K. Murai, Alexandre Prat, Pierre Drapeau, Adriana Di Polo. Interpericyte tunnelling nanotubes regulate neurovascular coupling. Nature, 2020; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2589-x

Cite This Page:

University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM). "Nanotubes in the eye that help us see." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 12 August 2020. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200812115311.htm>.
University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM). (2020, August 12). Nanotubes in the eye that help us see. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200812115311.htm
University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM). "Nanotubes in the eye that help us see." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/08/200812115311.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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