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Psychology of equine performance and the biology behind laminitis

Date:
September 27, 2012
Source:
BioMed Central Limited
Summary:
Achieving the best performance from a horse is the goal of not just professional riders, but also the millions of amateur and hobby riders all over the world. A new article looks at the issues surrounding training, competition environment and practices, and how the psychology of horse mood, emotion and temperament can be used to enhance performance.
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Achieving the best performance from a horse is the goal of not just professional riders, but also the millions of amateur and hobby riders all over the world. A new article published in BioMed Central's open access journal BMC Veterinary Research looks at the issues surrounding training, competition environment and practices, and how the psychology of horse mood, emotion and temperament can be used to enhance performance.

A sister article looks at the devastating disease laminitis, and finds that the anti-inflammatory protein apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA-IV) is raised in chronic laminitis, which suggests that it is linked to a more general inflammation, especially of the digestive system.

Laminitis is a painful and debilitating disease. Although the exact cause is unknown it is often associated with insulin resistance and obesity, and can be preceded by diseases such as colic and diarrhea. It is known to occur in horses allowed the freedom to eat lots of lush fresh, grass especially after being kept indoors for the winter. Inflammation can lead to irreversible rotation of the foot bones inside the hoof. In 75% of cases the inflammation becomes chronic 'founder', leaving the horse permanently lame.

Prof Bhanu Chowdhary and Dr Samantha Steelman from the College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, found 16 proteins which have different levels in the blood of horses with and without chronic laminitis. Horses in both groups were in good health apart from the laminitis. Eleven of these proteins are involved in response to wounding, coagulation and inflammation, such as coagulation factor X. The remaining proteins included fetuin A and B, both of which are involved in acute immune response, immunoglobin, an indicator of increased antibody levels, and most importantly APOA-IV.

Dr Steelman explained, "APOA-IV is produced by the small intestine -- one of its functions is to tell the animal when it is full. It also has anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which might explain the raised levels of APOA-IV."

In a comprehensive review of psychological factors affecting equine performance Dr Sebastian McBride from the Royal Agricultural College and Prof Daniel Mills from the University of Lincoln have looked at how current behavioral research and already established behavioral modification techniques could be applied to enhance the performance of animals at competition level.

This includes matching a horse's temperament to different equestrian disciplines, for example, flightiness can be good for racing but detrimental for dressage. Dr McBride commented, "Another important consideration is the horses mood and emotional reaction. Although all of these have an intrinsic baseline observable in the young, untrained horse, they can be influenced by training and they are also dependent on the interaction between rider and horse. Competition riders are well aware how a strange environment, and nerves on competition day, can affect their horse's performance."

Prof Daniel Mills continued, "The increased competitiveness and performance level of equestrian sport means that for each horse and rider pair physical and psychological behavior must be taken into consideration when designing training conditions and increasing motivation to perform at the optimum level of athletics. They must also be applied to reducing over-emotional reactions on competition day and, given the trained horse's high motivation to succeed, to decrease any negative experiences at competitions which may otherwise impact on future events."


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Materials provided by BioMed Central Limited. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal References:

  1. Sebastian D McBride and Daniel S Mills. Psychological factors affecting equine performance. BMC Veterinary Research, 2012; 8: 18 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-180
  2. Samantha M Steelman and Bhanu P Chowdhary. Plasma proteomics shows an elevation of the anti-inflammatory protein APOA-IV in chronic equine laminitis. BMC Veterinary Research, 2012; 8: 179 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-179

Cite This Page:

BioMed Central Limited. "Psychology of equine performance and the biology behind laminitis." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 27 September 2012. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120926213753.htm>.
BioMed Central Limited. (2012, September 27). Psychology of equine performance and the biology behind laminitis. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120926213753.htm
BioMed Central Limited. "Psychology of equine performance and the biology behind laminitis." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120926213753.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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