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Now we can see brain cells 'talk' and that will shed light on neurological diseases

Date:
September 3, 2018
Source:
University of Virginia Health System
Summary:
Scientists have developed a way to see brain cells talk -- to actually see neurons communicate in bright, vivid color. The new lab technique is set to provide long-needed answers about the brain and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and depression.
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Scientists have developed a way to see brain cells talk -- to actually see neurons communicate in bright, vivid color. The new lab technique is set to provide long-needed answers about the brain and neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia and depression. Those answers will facilitate new and vastly improved treatments for conditions that have largely resisted scientists' efforts to understand them.

"Before we didn't have any way to understand how [such neurotransmissions] work," said researcher J. Julius Zhu, PhD, of the University of Virginia School of Medicine. "In the case of Alzheimer's, in particular, we spent billions of dollars and we have almost no effective treatment. ... Now, for the first time, we can see what is happening."

Understanding Neurological Diseases

To demonstrate the technique's effectiveness, Zhu's team in Charlottesville and colleagues in China have used it to visualize a poorly understood neurotransmitter called acetylcholine. "Acetylcholine has an important role in how we behave because it affects our memory and mood," Zhu explained. "It affects Alzheimer's, schizophrenia, emotions, depression, all kind of emotion-related diseases and mental problems." (Acetylcholine also plays critical roles elsewhere in the body, such as regulating insulin secretion in the pancreas and in controlling stress and blood pressure.)

Drugs designed to combat Alzheimer's disease actually inhibit acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that degrades acetylcholine, to boost the effect of diminishing acetylcholine released in the brain, Zhu said. But doctors haven't fully understood how the drugs work, and there's been no way to determine just how much inhibition is needed. "These drugs are not very effective," he said. "They only offer a minor improvement, and once you stop the drug [the symptoms] just seem much worse. So probably in trying to treat these patients, you temporarily enhance them but you actually make them even worse."

By being able to see acetylcholine and other neurotransmitters in action in fluorescent color, doctors will be able to establish a baseline for good health and then work to restore that in patients with neurological diseases.

"We want to first measure how [the neurotransmitters] normally do the job. We've already found that there are acetylcholine transmissions very different from what we would expect," said Zhu, of UVA's Department of Pharmacology. "Then we also want to find how the patient differs. That comparison will provide us important answers."


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Virginia Health System. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Miao Jing, Peng Zhang, Guangfu Wang, Jiesi Feng, Lukas Mesik, Jianzhi Zeng, Huoqing Jiang, Shaohua Wang, Jess C Looby, Nick A Guagliardo, Linda W Langma, Ju Lu, Yi Zuo, David A Talmage, Lorna W Role, Paula Q Barrett, Li I Zhang, Minmin Luo, Yan Song, J Julius Zhu, Yulong Li. A genetically encoded fluorescent acetylcholine indicator for in vitro and in vivo studies. Nature Biotechnology, 2018; DOI: 10.1038/nbt.4184

Cite This Page:

University of Virginia Health System. "Now we can see brain cells 'talk' and that will shed light on neurological diseases." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 3 September 2018. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180903101747.htm>.
University of Virginia Health System. (2018, September 3). Now we can see brain cells 'talk' and that will shed light on neurological diseases. ScienceDaily. Retrieved October 7, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180903101747.htm
University of Virginia Health System. "Now we can see brain cells 'talk' and that will shed light on neurological diseases." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/09/180903101747.htm (accessed October 7, 2024).

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