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Prince Charming's kiss unlocking brain's regenerative potential?

Kyoto University identifies 'wake-up' signal for deep-sleeping neural stem cells

Date:
May 10, 2019
Source:
Kyoto University
Summary:
Researchers find that 'waves' of Hes1 and Ascl1 gene expression control the quiescent and active state of adult neural stem cells. Hes1 expression promotes quiescence and suppresses Ascl1, and knocking out Hes1 increases Ascl1 expression and subsequent adult neural stem cell activation.
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The human body has powerful healing abilities. But treating brain disorders is no easy task, as brain cells -- neurons -- have limited ability to regenerate. Nonetheless, stem cells are a form of natural backup, a vestige of our days as still-developing embryos.

The difficulty is that, as we age, our brains' stem cells 'fall asleep' and become harder to wake up when repairs are needed. Despite efforts to harness these cells to treat neurological damage, scientists have until recently been unsuccessful in decoding the underlying 'sleep' mechanism.

Now, researchers at Kyoto University studying brain chemistry in mice have revealed the ebb and flow of gene expression that may wake neural stem cells from their slumber. These findings, which may also apply to stem cells elsewhere in the body, were recently published in the journal Genes & Development.

"No one before us has directly compared active stem cells in embryos with inactive, 'quiescent' adult stem cells," says group leader Ryoichiro Kageyama of Kyoto University's Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, who points out that at least two genes and their associated proteins regulating activation had already been identified.

The team focused their attention on protein 'Hes1', which is strongly expressed in the adult cells. This normally suppresses the production of other proteins such as 'Ascl1', small amounts of which are periodically produced by active stem cells.

Monitoring the production of the two proteins over time, the team pinpointed a wave-like pattern that leads to stem cells waking up and turning into neurons in the brain.

When they 'knocked out' the genetic code needed to make Hes1, the cells started to make more Ascl1, which then activated almost all the neural stem cells.

"It is key that the same genes are responsible for both the active and quiescent states of these stem cells," Kageyama adds. "Only the expression dynamics differ between the two."

"A better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of these different expression dynamics could allow us to switch the dormant cells on as part of a treatment for a range of neurological disorders."


Story Source:

Materials provided by Kyoto University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Risa Sueda, Itaru Imayoshi, Yukiko Harima, Ryoichiro Kageyama. High Hes1 expression and resultant Ascl1 suppression regulate quiescent vs. active neural stem cells in the adult mouse brain. Genes & Development, 2019; 33 (9-10): 511 DOI: 10.1101/gad.323196.118

Cite This Page:

Kyoto University. "Prince Charming's kiss unlocking brain's regenerative potential?." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 10 May 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190510094811.htm>.
Kyoto University. (2019, May 10). Prince Charming's kiss unlocking brain's regenerative potential?. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 27, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190510094811.htm
Kyoto University. "Prince Charming's kiss unlocking brain's regenerative potential?." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/05/190510094811.htm (accessed March 27, 2024).

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