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Breaking the stroma barrier: Study shows a new way to hit cancer with radiation

Researchers test a new cancer treatment in mice that guides high-strength radiotherapy directly to pancreatic tumors

Date:
October 21, 2019
Source:
Osaka University
Summary:
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are commonly used to treat cancer, but are not always effective and can have toxic side effects. Researchers tested a new radiotherapy technique that sends alpha-emitting particles to stroma cells in pancreatic tumors. The method slowed tumor growth in mice with minimal side effects, pointing to a new potential treatment option in the future for patients with pancreatic cancer.
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Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related deaths worldwide. Patients with pancreatic cancer often receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which are not always effective and can have toxic side effects. In a collaborative research between Osaka University and the University of Heidelberg, researchers are exploring a new method of treatment that brings powerful yet targeted radiation therapy directly to cancer tissue. The method may offer an effective treatment for pancreatic cancer with fewer side effects in surrounding organs.

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy typically work by stopping cancer cells from dividing. Side effects often come about because the treatment also stops healthy cells from dividing and thriving.

"With traditional anti-cancer therapies, there's a tradeoff between efficacy against cancer cells and off target effects in non cancerous cells," explains Dr Tadashi Watabe, lead author of the study and a researcher in nuclear medicine and tracer kinetics at Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine. "We're focused on finding ways to re-balance this tradeoff in radiotherapy, by increasing the dose of radiation delivered to cancer cells while keeping it localized to those cells as much as possible."

One way this can be done is by making a radioactive "homing" molecule that, when injected into a patient, travels straight to the site of a tumor to deliver its cancer-killing payload. The research team did precisely that -- in this case, using a molecule that goes directly to pancreatic tumors.

"We used a molecule with an isotope that emits alpha particles," says Dr Watabe. "These particles travel a shorter distance than the beta particles emitted by traditional isotopes, which means their off-target effect is limited. Our molecule binds to a protein called FAP, which is found almost exclusively on stroma cells that surround pancreatic tumors and various types of cancers. Together, this allows us to target a high energy dose of radiation directly to the site of the tumor."

The stroma is part of a unique environment that encases solid tumors, acting as a kind of barrier. Treatments for pancreatic cancer are often stymied by this barrier but, remarkably, this doesn't seem to be the case with the new experimental treatment.

In a study published in The Journal of Nuclear Medicine, the team offers a proof of concept that their technique can act as a powerful cancer treatment. They injected their FAP-binding molecule into mice that had human pancreatic cancer grafted under their skin. The result? A dramatic decrease in tumor growth with no apparent effect on the body weight of the mice, the latter indicating that the treatment likely had few toxic side effects.

"We are very encouraged by these initial results," Dr Watabe concludes. "We think the approach has enormous therapeutic potential, particularly for patients with pancreatic cancer who've exhausted their other treatment options. What's especially exciting is that our method of targeting the stroma can in principle work against many other types of cancer. We think this could represent a new path forward in radiation therapy."


Story Source:

Materials provided by Osaka University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Tadashi Watabe, Yuwei Liu, Kazuko Kaneda-Nakashima, Yoshifumi Shirakami, Thomas Lindner, Kazuhiro Ooe, Atsushi Toyoshima, Kojiro Nagata, Eku Shimosegawa, Uwe Haberkorn, Clemens Kratochwil, Atsushi Shinohara, Frederik Giesel, Jun Hatazawa. Theranostics targeting fibroblast activation protein in the tumor stroma: 64Cu and 225Ac labelled FAPI-04 in pancreatic cancer xenograft mouse models. Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 2019; jnumed.119.233122 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233122

Cite This Page:

Osaka University. "Breaking the stroma barrier: Study shows a new way to hit cancer with radiation." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 October 2019. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191021103903.htm>.
Osaka University. (2019, October 21). Breaking the stroma barrier: Study shows a new way to hit cancer with radiation. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 12, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191021103903.htm
Osaka University. "Breaking the stroma barrier: Study shows a new way to hit cancer with radiation." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/10/191021103903.htm (accessed December 12, 2024).

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