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Wetlands could be key in revitalizing acid streams

Date:
September 4, 2013
Source:
University of Texas at Arlington
Summary:
A team of biologists working with stream samples from the Adirondack Forest Preserve in New York says watershed wetlands can serve as a natural source for the improvement of streams in the Adirondacks that have been polluted by acid rain.
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A team of University of Texas at Arlington biologists working with the U.S. Geological Survey has found that watershed wetlands can serve as a natural source for the improvement of streams polluted by acid rain.

The group, led by associate professor of biology Sophia Passy, also contends that recent increases in the level of organic matter in surface waters in regions of North America and Europe -- also known as "brownification" -- holds benefits for aquatic ecosystems.

The research team's work appeared in the September issue of the journal Global Change Biology.

The team analyzed water samples collected in the Adirondack Forest Preserve, a six million acre region in northeastern New York. The Adirondacks have been adversely affected by atmospheric acid deposition with subsequent acidification of streams, lakes and soils. Acidification occurs when environments become contaminated with inorganic acids, such as sulfuric and nitric acid, from industrial pollution of the atmosphere.

Inorganic acids from the rain filter through poorly buffered watersheds, releasing toxic aluminum from the soil into the waterways. The overall result is loss of biological diversity, including algae, invertebrates, fish, and amphibians.

"Ecologists and government officials have been looking for ways to reduce acidification and aluminum contamination of surface waters for 40 years. While Clean Air Act regulations have fueled progress, the problem is still not solved," Passy said. "We hope that future restoration efforts in acid streams will consider the use of wetlands as a natural source of stream health improvement."

Working during key times of the year for acid deposition, the team collected 637 samples from 192 streams from the Black and Oswegatchie River basins in the Adirondacks. Their results compared biodiversity of diatoms, or algae, with levels of organic and inorganic acids. They found that streams connected to wetlands had higher organic content, which led to lower levels of toxic inorganic aluminum and decreased presence of harmful inorganic acids.

Passy joined the UT Arlington College of Science in 2001. Katrina L. Pound, a doctoral student working in the Passy lab, is the lead author on the study. The other co-author is Gregory B. Lawrence, of the USGS's New York Water Science Center.

The study authors believe that as streams acidified by acidic deposition pass through wetlands, they become enriched with organic matter, which binds harmful aluminum and limits its negative effects on stream producers. Organic matter also stimulates microbes that process sulfate and nitrate and thus decreases the inorganic acid content.

These helpful organic materials are also present in brownification -- a process that some believe is tied to climate change. The newly published paper said that this process might help the recovery of biological communities from industrial acidification.

Many have viewed brownification as a negative environmental development because it is perceived as decreasing water quality for human consumption.

"What we're saying is that it's not entirely a bad thing from the perspective of ecosystem health," Pound said.

The UTA team behind the paper hopes that watershed development, including wetland construction or stream re-channeling to existing wetlands, may become a viable alternative to liming. Liming is now widely used to reduce acidity in streams affected by acid rain but many scientists question its long-term effectiveness.


Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Texas at Arlington. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Katrina L. Pound, Gregory B. Lawrence, Sophia I. Passy. Wetlands serve as natural sources for improvement of stream ecosystem health in regions affected by acid deposition. Global Change Biology, 2013; 19 (9): 2720 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12265

Cite This Page:

University of Texas at Arlington. "Wetlands could be key in revitalizing acid streams." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 4 September 2013. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130904205802.htm>.
University of Texas at Arlington. (2013, September 4). Wetlands could be key in revitalizing acid streams. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 29, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130904205802.htm
University of Texas at Arlington. "Wetlands could be key in revitalizing acid streams." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/09/130904205802.htm (accessed March 29, 2024).

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