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Alcoholic hepatitis treatments fail to keep patients alive

Date:
April 22, 2015
Source:
Imperial College London
Summary:
The main drugs used to treat alcoholic hepatitis are not effective at increasing patients' survival, a major study has found. In a trial of over 1,000 patients, prednisolone and pentoxifylline, treatments recommended in international guidelines, did not achieve a statistically significant reduction in mortality after 28 days, 90 days or a year.
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The main drugs used to treat alcoholic hepatitis are not effective at increasing patients' survival, a major study has found.

In a trial of over 1,000 patients, prednisolone and pentoxifylline, treatments recommended in international guidelines, did not achieve a statistically significant reduction in mortality after 28 days, 90 days or a year.

The authors of the study, which is published in the New England Journal of Medicine, say there is an urgent need for more research into prevention and treatment of alcohol-related liver disease.

Deaths from liver disease increased by 40 per cent in England and Wales from 2001 to 2012, partly driven by a rise in alcohol consumption. Alcoholic liver disease was responsible for 4,425 deaths in 2012.

Excessive alcohol consumption first causes fat to build up in the liver, which is potentially reversible. Alcoholic hepatitis is a dramatic manifestation of alcohol-related liver disease, associated with jaundice and liver failure. It is caused by inflammation of the liver and may cause death in up to 30 per cent of patients with a month.

Professor Mark Thursz from the Department of Medicine at Imperial College London, who led the study, said: "Liver disease is the only major cause of preventable death that is increasing in England, but generally falling in other comparable European nations.

"The treatments we looked at are widely used, but the evidence supporting them comes from a few relatively small trials. This study is four times larger than any previous trial in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis, so it provides much stronger data on how effective the drugs are.

"We were surprised to find that neither treatment had a significant effect on survival after the first month, and the mortality rate after one year is alarmingly high. We urgently need to invest in research into the mechanisms of disease, to identify targets for new treatments, and develop better strategies to stop people drinking."

The study involved 1,053 patients being treated at 65 hospitals in the UK. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups, each receiving two treatments: prednisolone and pentoxifylline, prednisolone and placebo, pentoxifylline and placebo, or both placebo.

Overall, 16 per cent of patients died within 28 days of starting treatment. At 90 days, 29 per cent of patients had died, and after one year 56 per cent had either died or had a liver transplant. The differences in mortality rates between the treatment groups were not statistically significant.

Professor Thursz said: "One reason why we might not have seen a significant effect is that the drugs increase the risk of infection. Another reason is that many patients return to drinking, and suffer further attacks or complications of cirrhosis.

"Some older studies found a mortality rate after 28 days above 30 per cent. It was much lower in this study, which suggests that even though the treatments are ineffective, we are looking after patients better than we used to."


Story Source:

Materials provided by Imperial College London. Original written by Sam Wong. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Mark R. Thursz, Paul Richardson, Michael Allison, Andrew Austin, Megan Bowers, Christopher P. Day, Nichola Downs, Dermot Gleeson, Alastair MacGilchrist, Allister Grant, Steven Hood, Steven Masson, Anne McCune, Jane Mellor, John O’Grady, David Patch, Ian Ratcliffe, Paul Roderick, Louise Stanton, Nikhil Vergis, Mark Wright, Stephen Ryder, Ewan H. Forrest. Prednisolone or Pentoxifylline for Alcoholic Hepatitis. New England Journal of Medicine, 2015; 372 (17): 1619 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1412278

Cite This Page:

Imperial College London. "Alcoholic hepatitis treatments fail to keep patients alive." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 22 April 2015. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150422175001.htm>.
Imperial College London. (2015, April 22). Alcoholic hepatitis treatments fail to keep patients alive. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 12, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150422175001.htm
Imperial College London. "Alcoholic hepatitis treatments fail to keep patients alive." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/04/150422175001.htm (accessed December 12, 2024).

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