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Too little sleep raises risk of type 2 diabetes, new study finds

Date:
March 6, 2024
Source:
Uppsala University
Summary:
Adults who sleep only three to five hours per day are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according to a new study. Chronic sleep deprivation cannot be compensated for by healthy eating alone.
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Adults who sleep only three to five hours per day are at higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes. This is demonstrated in a new study from Uppsala University, published in JAMA Network Open. It also shows that chronic sleep deprivation cannot be compensated by healthy eating alone.

"I generally recommend prioritising sleep, although I understand it's not always possible, especially as a parent of four teenagers," says Christian Benedict, Associate Professor and sleep researcher at the Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences at Uppsala University and leading researcher behind the study.

He and a team of researchers have examined the link between type 2 diabetes and sleep deprivation. Type 2 diabetes affects the body's ability to process sugar (glucose), hindering insulin absorption and resulting in high blood sugar levels. A report from 2020 showed that over 462 million people suffer from this disease. Over time, it can cause serious damage, particularly to nerves and blood vessels, and thus represents an escalating public health problem globally.

"Previous research has shown that repeated short daily rest increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, while healthy dietary habits such as regularly eating fruit and vegetables can reduce the risk. However, it has remained unclear whether people who sleep too little can reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes by eating healthily," notes Diana Noga, a sleep researcher at the Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences at Uppsala University.

The researchers therefore used data from one of the largest population databases in the world, the UK Biobank, in which nearly half a million participants from the UK have been genetically mapped and responded to questions on health and lifestyle. They followed the participants for over ten years and found that a sleep duration of between three and five hours was linked to a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

In contrast, healthy eating habits led to a lower risk of developing the disease, but even people who ate healthily but slept less than six hours a day were still at higher risk of type 2 diabetes.

"Our results are the first to question whether a healthy diet can compensate for lack of sleep in terms of the risk of type 2 diabetes. They should not cause concern, but instead be seen as a reminder that sleep plays an important role in health," explains Benedict.

He also argues that the effects of sleep deprivation vary between individuals, depending on aspects such as genetics and a person's actual need for sleep.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Uppsala University. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Diana Aline Nôga, Elisa de Mello e Souza Meth, André Pekkola Pacheco, Xiao Tan, Jonathan Cedernaes, Lieve Thecla van Egmond, Pei Xue, Christian Benedict. Habitual Short Sleep Duration, Diet, and Development of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults. JAMA Network Open, 2024; 7 (3): e241147 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1147

Cite This Page:

Uppsala University. "Too little sleep raises risk of type 2 diabetes, new study finds." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 6 March 2024. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/03/240305134349.htm>.
Uppsala University. (2024, March 6). Too little sleep raises risk of type 2 diabetes, new study finds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/03/240305134349.htm
Uppsala University. "Too little sleep raises risk of type 2 diabetes, new study finds." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2024/03/240305134349.htm (accessed April 28, 2024).

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