No way out? Why environmental politics is at an impasse

In order to analyse the deadlock, Hausknost approached the topic on an abstract level. In his view, 'decision', 'choice' and 'solution' are modes of agency or 'operators' that are logically and functionally distinct, and that impact reality in different ways. The political scientist and philosopher Hausknost has conducted a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of action of these three operators and concludes that liberal democratic systems tend to act in a way that results in half-hearted restructuring ('choice', 'solution'). According to Hausknost, "the potential for transformation lies above all in the 'decision' factor." "It is highest here, because decisions have the power to eliminate other options." 'Choice' on the other hand, which refers to individual market behaviour, does not result in sufficiently decisive restructuring, as it does not eliminate any options but leads to further differentiation and niche markets. The 'solution' factor has weak transformative power as it tends to reproduce a rationality, which is, in fact, responsible for the configuration of the problems that need to be addressed.

Hausknost explains further: "For politics, decisions represent the most uncomfortable factor. It is difficult to justify them to the public, as they force one to choose a position among diverse political rationalities or worldviews. Each decision simultaneously produces losers. This result is frequently feared in the political arena." Solutions, however, are easy to communicate, as they relate to problems that appear to have an objective definition and that occur within the dominant 'rational' context. Choice, finally, is convenient for politicians as it disperses agency and responsibility to myriad individuals whose aggregate behaviour is then referred to as 'the market'. Furthermore, democratic governments are systematically geared towards granting the system's short-term stability greater priority than its long-term existence. Risky decisions are therefore shunned.

"It is now one of our most vital tasks to develop new democratic instruments and mechanisms of political decision-making," Hausknost emphasises. Great importance might be attached to direct democratic instruments in combination with other forms of 'radical' participation, as these are well suited to overriding the practical constraints of the representative system. As Hausknost explains: "Non-decisions have the same effect as decisions, in that they eliminate the options we did not select." As climate change advances, the number of options diminishes. Thus, it is necessary to act quickly.