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Delta breakthrough infection generates broad neutralizing antibody response in double vaccinated individuals

Date:
March 17, 2022
Source:
American Society for Microbiology
Summary:
A delta breakthrough infection generates a potent and broad neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in double vaccinated individuals, according to new research.
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A delta breakthrough infection generates a potent and broad neutralizing antibody response in double vaccinated individuals, according to new research. The findings were published this week in mBio, an open-access journal of the American Society for Microbiology.

In the new study, researchers collected sera from individuals attending St. Thomas' Hospital in London who tested positive for COVID-19 and had received 2 doses of either the Pfizer or AstraZeneca vaccines. They measured how much antibody the person produced and whether the antibodies were able to prevent infection of cells by different SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

The researchers found that in vaccinated individuals, there was a rapid and robust IgG recall response following breakthrough infection. This antibody response had broad neutralizing activity against current variants of concern, including omicron. The neutralization potency was 4.5-fold reduced against omicron compared to delta whereas it was 28.9-fold reduced for people who were unvaccinated.

"Overall, a breakthrough infection effectively boosts the vaccine response, which could provide broad protection against current variants of concern," said co-author Katie Doores, Ph.D., Reader in the Department of Infectious Diseases, King's College London, in the United Kingdom. "Recent studies show a third vaccine dose dramatically increases the neutralizing antibody response, particularly against omicron. Our data suggests a delta breakthrough infection can also act as an effective booster. This study provides insights into population immunity in double COVID-19 vaccinated individuals where SARS-CoV-2 transmission levels remain high."

Dr. Doores said they are now studying the immune response in more detail by isolating monoclonal antibodies from individuals experiencing breakthrough infections.


Story Source:

Materials provided by American Society for Microbiology. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Thomas Lechmere, Luke B. Snell, Carl Graham, Jeffrey Seow, Zayed A. Shalim, Themoula Charalampous, Adela Alcolea-Medina, Rahul Batra, Gaia Nebbia, Jonathan D. Edgeworth, Michael H. Malim, Katie J. Doores. Broad Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants, Including Omicron, following Breakthrough Infection with Delta in COVID-19-Vaccinated Individuals. mBio, 2022; DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03798-21

Cite This Page:

American Society for Microbiology. "Delta breakthrough infection generates broad neutralizing antibody response in double vaccinated individuals." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 17 March 2022. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220317111920.htm>.
American Society for Microbiology. (2022, March 17). Delta breakthrough infection generates broad neutralizing antibody response in double vaccinated individuals. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220317111920.htm
American Society for Microbiology. "Delta breakthrough infection generates broad neutralizing antibody response in double vaccinated individuals." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220317111920.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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