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Colliding ribosomes activate RNA repair

Date:
November 15, 2023
Source:
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Summary:
Researchers discover how ribosomes contribute to the recognition and removal of RNA crosslinking damage.
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Aldehydes are toxic compounds that are produced in the body by metabolic processes, especially upon alcohol consumption. They are dangerous because they bind to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and crosslink them.

Crosslinking damage to DNA must be repaired by the cell to prevent premature aging and cancer. However, it was previously unknown whether and how cells sense and resolve crosslinking damage to single-stranded RNA. A team led by Professor Julian Stingele from the Gene Center Munich has now shown that RNA crosslinking damage is toxic because it impairs protein synthesis.

"It was previously difficult to study specifically RNA crosslinking damage, as most chemicals also damage DNA," says lead author Jacqueline Cordes. "We therefore utilized a new approach to induce and study RNA damage in the absence of DNA damage," adds Dr. Shubo Zhao, also lead author of the study. Using this novel experimental system, the researchers uncovered a previously unknown mechanism by which the ribosome can act as a sensor for crosslinking damage. Ribosomes run along the messenger molecule mRNA to translate the information stored in the mRNA into proteins. As the researchers demonstrate, the ribosome gets stuck as soon as it encounters a lesion. This leads to collisions with subsequent ribosomes, triggering removal of the damage.

"Our new findings indicate that compounds commonly considered solely as DNA-damaging agents challenge cellular homeostasis on a much broader level. Given that such agents are often used for chemotherapy, our work has imminent implications for the mechanisms of action of frequently-used anti-cancer drugs," says Stingele.

Aldehydes are toxic compounds that are produced in the body by metabolic processes, especially upon alcohol consumption. They are dangerous because they bind to cellular macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and crosslink them.

Crosslinking damage to DNA must be repaired by the cell to prevent premature aging and cancer. However, it was previously unknown whether and how cells sense and resolve crosslinking damage to single-stranded RNA. A team led by Professor Julian Stingele from the Gene Center Munich has now shown that RNA crosslinking damage is toxic because it impairs protein synthesis.

"It was previously difficult to study specifically RNA crosslinking damage, as most chemicals also damage DNA," says lead author Jacqueline Cordes. "We therefore utilized a new approach to induce and study RNA damage in the absence of DNA damage," adds Dr. Shubo Zhao, also lead author of the study. Using this novel experimental system, the researchers uncovered a previously unknown mechanism by which the ribosome can act as a sensor for crosslinking damage. Ribosomes run along the messenger molecule mRNA to translate the information stored in the mRNA into proteins. As the researchers demonstrate, the ribosome gets stuck as soon as it encounters a lesion. This leads to collisions with subsequent ribosomes, triggering removal of the damage.

"Our new findings indicate that compounds commonly considered solely as DNA-damaging agents challenge cellular homeostasis on a much broader level. Given that such agents are often used for chemotherapy, our work has imminent implications for the mechanisms of action of frequently-used anti-cancer drugs," says Stingele.


Story Source:

Materials provided by Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. Shubo Zhao, Jacqueline Cordes, Karolina M. Caban, Maximilian J. Götz, Timur Mackens-Kiani, Anthony J. Veltri, Niladri K. Sinha, Pedro Weickert, Selay Kaya, Graeme Hewitt, Danny D. Nedialkova, Thomas Fröhlich, Roland Beckmann, Allen R. Buskirk, Rachel Green, Julian Stingele. RNF14-dependent atypical ubiquitylation promotes translation-coupled resolution of RNA-protein crosslinks. Molecular Cell, 2023; DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.10.012

Cite This Page:

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. "Colliding ribosomes activate RNA repair." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 15 November 2023. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231115113501.htm>.
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. (2023, November 15). Colliding ribosomes activate RNA repair. ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 8, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231115113501.htm
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. "Colliding ribosomes activate RNA repair." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231115113501.htm (accessed December 8, 2024).

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